Samoic languages

Samoic
Samoic
Samoic–Outlier
Geographic; distribution	Polynesian islands
Linguistic classification	Austronesian Malayo-Polynesian Central–Eastern Malayo-Polynesian? Eastern Malayo-Polynesian Oceanic Central–Eastern Oceanic Central Pacific East Central Pacific Polynesian Nuclear Polynesian Samoic; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ;
Subdivisions	East Uvean–Niuafo'ou; Ellicean; Futunic; Pukapuka; Samoan; Tokelauan;
Language codes
	–
Glottolog	None

The Samoic–Outlier languages, also known as Samoic languages, are a purported group of Polynesian languages, encompassing the Polynesian languages of Samoa, Tuvalu, American Samoa, Tokelau, Wallis and Futuna, and Polynesian outlier languages in New Caledonia, the Solomon Islands, Vanuatu, Papua New Guinea, and the Federated States of Micronesia. The name "Samoic-Outlier" recognizes Samoan.

Classification

Ethnologue

According to Ethnologue 26, the Samoic–Outlier languages are as follows:

Samoic–Outlier
- East Uvean–Niuafo’ou
- Ellicean
  - Kapingamarangi
  - Takuu
  - Nukuoro
  - Nukumanu
  - Nukeria
  - Ontong Java
  - Sikaiana
  - Tuvaluan
- Futunic
- Pukapuka
- Samoan
- Tokelauan

Glottolog

Hammarström et al. do not view the Samoic–Outlier languages as a valid phylogenetic clade. As such, the languages classified as Samoic–Outlier languages in Ethnologue are classified in the Glottolog database within Nuclear Polynesian as follows:^[1]

Nuclear Polynesian
- Anuta
- East Futuna
- East Uvean–Niuafoʻou
- Ellicean
  - Pukapukic
    - Pukapuka
    - Samoan–Tokelauan
      - Samoan
      - Tokelau
  - Tuvalu
- Northern Outlier Polynesian–East Polynesian
  - Carolinean Outlier Polynesian
    - Kapingamarangi
    - Nukuoro
  - Solomons Northern Outlier Polynesian–East Polynesian
    - Central Northern Outlier Polynesian–East Polynesian
      - Central Northern Outlier Polynesian
        Luangiua
        
        Takuuic
        Nukumanu
        
        Nukuria
        
        Takuu
      - East Polynesian
        [...]
    - Sikaiana
- Rennell–Bellona
- Tikopia
- Vaeakau–Taumako
- Vanuatu–Loyalty Outliers
  - Emae
  - Mele–Futuna
    - Futuna–Aniwa
    - Mele–Fila
  - West Uvean

References

^ Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin; Bank, Sebastian (2023-07-10). "Glottolog 4.8 - Nuclear Polynesian". Glottolog. Leipzig: Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology. doi:10.5281/zenodo.7398962. Archived from the original on 2023-11-17. Retrieved 2023-11-17.

[1] Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin; Bank, Sebastian (2023-07-10). "Glottolog 4.8 - Nuclear Polynesian". Glottolog. Leipzig: Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology. doi:10.5281/zenodo.7398962. Archived from the original on 2023-11-17. Retrieved 2023-11-17.

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